Multifidelity Analysis of a Solo Propeller: Entropy Rise Using Vorticity Dynamics and Kinetic Energy Dissipation

Propellers for electric aviation are used in solo- and multirotor applications. Multifidelity analysis with reduced cycle time is crucial to explore several designs energy minimization range maximization. A low-fidelity design tool, py_BEM, developed of a reverse-engineered solo 2-bladed propeller using blade-element momentum theory physics enhancements including local Reynolds number effect, boundary-layer rotation, airfoil polar at large AoAs stall delay. Spanwise properties from py_BEM converted into 3D blade geometry T-Blade3. S809 NACA utilized, obtained by XFOIL. Lift, drag, performance losses, wake analysis, comparison steady CFD low fidelity kinetic dissipation, entropy exergy through irreversibility analyzed. thrust torque between high reveals the effect rotation on polar. Vorticity dynamics boundary-vorticity flux methods describe onset flow separation rise. Various components drag loss accounted. The rise boundary layer downstream propagation mixing out freestream demonstrated qualitatively. Irreversibility accounted rotor second-law approach understand quality available energy. metrics within 5% error both fidelities.